Title 201 | Chapter 008 | Regulation 520
SUPERSEDED
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PREVIOUS VERSION
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BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS
Board of Dentistry
(Amendment)
201 KAR 8:520.Fees and fines.
Section 1.
Dentists.(1)
The initial licensure fee for a dental license applied for in the first year of the biennial license period shall be $325.(2)
The initial licensure fee for a dental license applied for in the second year of the biennial license period shall be $175.(3)
The renewal fee for a dental license appropriately renewed before the expiration of the license shall be $295.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental license reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $575.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental license reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $835.(6)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental license reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $1,415.(7)
The reinstatement fee for a properly retired dental license shall be $325.(8)
The initial licensure fee for a dental specialty license shall be $100.(9)
The renewal fee for a dental specialty license properly renewed before the expiration of the license shall be fifty (50) dollars in addition to the renewal fee for a standard dental license.(10)
The reinstatement fee for an expired a dental specialty license shall be fifty (50) dollars in addition to the reinstatement fee for an expired standard dental license.(11)
The reinstatement fee for a properly retired dental specialty license shall be fifty (50) dollars in addition to the reinstatement fee for a retired standard dental license.(12)
The initial licensure fee and renewal fee for a charitable limited dental license shall be twenty-five (25) dollars.(13)
The initial fee for a dental anesthesia or sedation permit shall be $250.(14)
The renewal fee for a dental anesthesia or sedation permit properly renewed before the expiration of the permit shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(15)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental anesthesia or sedation permit shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.Section 2.
Dental Hygienists.(1)
The initial licensure fee for a dental hygiene license applied for in the first year of the biennial license period shall be $125.(2)
The initial licensure fee for a dental hygiene license applied for in the second year of the biennial license period shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(3)
The renewal fee for a dental hygiene license appropriately renewed before the expiration of the license shall be $110.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental hygiene license reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $240.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental hygiene license reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $370.(6)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental hygiene license reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $630.(7)
The initial licensure fee and renewal fee for a charitable limited dental hygiene license shall be twenty-five (25) dollars.(8)
The initial registration fee to administer local anesthesia shall be fifty (50) dollars.(9)
The initial registration fee to practice under general supervision shall be fifty (50) dollars.(10)
The initial registration fee to administer an intravenous access line shall be fifty (50) dollars.(11)
The initial registration fee to perform laser debridement shall be fifty (50) dollars.(12)
The initial registration fee to be a public health registered dental hygienist shall be fifty (50) dollars.(13)
The reinstatement fee for a properly retired dental hygiene license shall be $125.Section 3.
Anesthesia and Sedation Facilities.(1)
The initial certification fee for an anesthesia or sedation facility shall be $250.(2)
The renewal fee for an anesthesia or sedation facility certificate shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(3)
The reinstatement fee for an expired anesthesia or sedation facility certificate reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the certificate shall be $125.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired anesthesia or sedation facility certificate reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the certificate shall be $175.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired anesthesia or sedation facility certificate reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the certificate shall be $225.Section 4.
Dental Laboratories.(1)
The initial registration fee for a commercial dental laboratory shall be $150.(2)
The renewal fee for a dental laboratory registration appropriately renewed on or before the expiration of the registration shall be $150.(3)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental laboratory registration reinstated between August 1 and August 15 following the expiration of the certificate shall be $250.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental laboratory registration reinstated between August 16 and August 31 following the expiration of the certificate shall be $300.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental laboratory registration reinstated on or after September 1 following the expiration of the certificate shall be $350.Section 5.
Mobile Dental Facilities and Portable Dental Units.(1)
The initial registration fee for a mobile dental facility or portable dental unit shall be $150.(2)
The renewal fee for a mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(3)
The reinstatement fee for an expired mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the registration shall be $150.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the registration shall be $175.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the registration shall be $225.Section 6.
General Fees.(1)
The fee for the verification of a license shall be forty (40) dollars.(2)
The fee for a contact list for either currently licensed dentists, currently licensed dental hygienists, or currently registered dental assistants shall be:(a)
$100 for lists obtained for not-for-profit use; and(b)
$1,000 for lists obtained for profit use.(3)
The fee for any returned check or rejected electronic payment shall be equal to the fee charged to the board by the bank.Section 7.Section 6.
General Fines.(1)
The payment of reinstatement fees shall not be construed to exempt licensees and other entities regulated by the board from additional penalties associated with practicing or operating without an appropriate license, permit, or registration.(2)
Fines shall be determined by settlement or agreed order as negotiated by the Law Enforcement Committee or as issued by a hearing panel in accordance with KRS 313.100.Section 8.Section 7.
All fines and fees paid to the board shall be nonrefundable.JEFF ALLEN, Executive Director
APPROVED BY AGENCY: March 22, 2023
FILED WITH LRC: March 23, 2022 at 11:45 a.m.
PUBLIC HEARING AND COMMENT PERIOD: A public hearing on this Amendment shall be held on June 23, 2022 at 4:00pm, Eastern Time at the Kentucky Board of Dentistry, 312 Whittington Parkway, Suite 101, Louisville, Kentucky 40222. Individuals interested in being heard at this hearing shall notify this agency in writing by five workdays prior to the hearing of their intent to attend. If no notification of intent to attend the hearing is received by that date, the hearing may be cancelled. This hearing is open to the public. Any person who wishes to be heard will be given an opportunity to comment on the proposed Amendment. A transcript of the public hearing will not be made unless a written request for a transcript is made. If you do not wish to be heard at the public hearing, you may submit written comments on the proposed Amendment. Written comments shall be accepted through June 30, 2022. Send written notification of intent to be heard at the public hearing, or written comments on the proposed Amendment to the contact person below.
CONTACT PERSON: Jeff Allen, Executive Director, Kentucky Board of Dentistry, 312 Whittington Parkway, Suite 101, Louisville, Kentucky 40222, phone (502) 429-7280, fax (502) 429-7282, email jeffrey.allen@ky.gov.
REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS AND TIERING STATEMENT
Contact Person:
Jeff Allen
(1) Provide a brief summary of:
(a) What this administrative regulation does:
This regulation sets amounts for the various fees and fines issued by the board.
(b) The necessity of this administrative regulation:
KRS 313.022(1) requires the board to promulgate administrative regulations regarding fees and fines.
(c) How this administrative regulation conforms to the content of the authorizing statutes:
This administrative regulation establishes a schedule of reasonable fees, fines, and other charges that do not exceed the national average of other state dental boards, as required by statute.
(d) How this administrative regulation currently assists or will assist in the effective administration of the statutes:
This administrative regulation establishes standardized fees and fines in conformity with its authorizing statute.
(2) If this is an amendment to an existing administrative regulation, provide a brief summary of:
(a) How the amendment will change this existing administrative regulation:
This amendment creates fee schedule for registration of mobile dental facilities.
(b) The necessity of the amendment to this administrative regulation:
This amendment is necessary in order to create fee schedules for a new administrative registration established within 201 KAR Chapter 8.
(c) How the amendment conforms to the content of the authorizing statutes:
This amendment updates the schedule of fees and fines in conformity with its authorizing statute.
(d) How the amendment will assist in the effective administration of the statutes:
The amendment ensures that the schedule of fees and fines issued by the board is clear, appropriate, and uniformly applied in compliance with applicable law.
(3) List the type and number of individuals, businesses, organizations, or state and local governments affected by this administrative regulation:
This regulation affects the approximately six thousand dentists and dental hygienists licensed in Kentucky, as well as future applicants for such licenses. Dental labs doing business in Kentucky will also be affected.
(4) Provide an analysis of how the entities identified in question (3) will be impacted by either the implementation of this administrative regulation, if new, or by the change, if it is an amendment, including:
(a) List the actions that each of the regulated entities identified in question (3) will have to take to comply with this administrative regulation or amendment:
This regulation will continue to require that entities pay all applicable fee(s). The vast majority of entities will experience no changes as a result of the amendment. Only the operators of mobile dental facilities will be affected by the amendment, which requires them to pay a registration fee.
(b) In complying with this administrative regulation or amendment, how much will it cost each of the entities identified in question (3):
The costs for most entities will be unchanged as a result of this amendment. The only exception is more operators of mobile dental facilities, who will now pay an initial $150 registration fee as well as a biennial $75 renewal fee. Penalties for the late renewal/reinstatement of lapsed registrations range from $150 to $225.
(c) As a result of compliance, what benefits will accrue to the entities identified in question (3):
All entities will benefit from the transparency and detail this amendment adds to the existing administrative regulation, thereby reducing non-compliance and associated costs.
(5) Provide an estimate of how much it will cost the administrative body to implement this administrative regulation:
(a) Initially:
Added costs are anticipated to be minor as a result of the amendment.
(b) On a continuing basis:
Added costs as a result of this amendment are anticipated to be minor increases in expenses.
(6) What is the source of the funding to be used for the implementation and enforcement of this administrative regulation:
Licensure fees will fund implementation and enforcement of this administrative regulation.
(7) Provide an assessment of whether an increase in fees or funding will be necessary to implement this administrative regulation, if new, or by the change if it is an amendment:
The new fee categories will generate minimal revenue but should still cover the negligible expenses associated with implementation.
(8) State whether or not this administrative regulation established any fees or directly or indirectly increased any fees:
Yes, this administrative regulation is specifically intended to provide a fee schedule in accordance with its authorizing statute.
(9) TIERING: Is tiering applied?
No, this amendment impacts all similarly situated practitioners equally.
FISCAL NOTE ON STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
(1) What units, parts or divisions of state or local government (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) will be impacted by this administrative regulation?
None.
(2) Identify each state or federal statute or federal regulation that requires or authorizes the action taken by the administrative regulation.
KRS 313.022.
(3) Estimate the effect of this administrative regulation on the expenditures and revenues of a state or local government agency (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) for the first full year the administrative regulation is to be in effect.
(a) How much revenue will this administrative regulation generate for the state or local government (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) for the first year?
This amendment is will result in a minor increase in the revenue generated by the existing administrative regulation.
(b) How much revenue will this administrative regulation generate for the state or local government (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) for subsequent years?
This amendment is will result in a minor increase in the revenue generated by the existing administrative regulation.
(c) How much will it cost to administer this program for the first year?
This amendment will result in a minor increase in costs associated with the existing administrative regulation.
(d) How much will it cost to administer this program for subsequent years?
This amendment will result in a minor increase in costs associated with the existing administrative regulation. Note: If specific dollar amounts cannot be determined, provide a brief narrative to explain the fiscal impact of the administrative regulation.
Note: If specific dollar estimates cannot be determined, provide a brief narrative to explain the fiscal impact of the administrative regulation.
Revenues (+/-):
This amendment will require operators of mobile dental facilities to pay a reasonable registration fee that is comparable to other states. We do not expect this revenue to be significant.
Expenditures (+/-):
This amendment will require negligible increases in overhead expenses and minor increases in legal and investigative expenses associated with enforcing the regulation.
Other Explanation:
Not applicable.
BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS
Board of Dentistry
(Amendment)
201 KAR 8:520.Fees and fines.
Section 1.
Dentists.(1)
The initial licensure fee for a dental license applied for in the first year of the biennial license period shall be $325.(2)
The initial licensure fee for a dental license applied for in the second year of the biennial license period shall be $175.(3)
The renewal fee for a dental license appropriately renewed before the expiration of the license shall be $295.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental license reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $575.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental license reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $835.(6)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental license reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $1,415.(7)
The reinstatement fee for a properly retired dental license shall be $325.(8)
The initial licensure fee for a dental specialty license shall be $100.(9)
The renewal fee for a dental specialty license properly renewed before the expiration of the license shall be fifty (50) dollars in addition to the renewal fee for a standard dental license.(10)
The reinstatement fee for an expired a dental specialty license shall be fifty (50) dollars in addition to the reinstatement fee for an expired standard dental license.(11)
The reinstatement fee for a properly retired dental specialty license shall be fifty (50) dollars in addition to the reinstatement fee for a retired standard dental license.(12)
The initial licensure fee and renewal fee for a charitable limited dental license shall be twenty-five (25) dollars.(13)
The initial fee for a dental anesthesia or sedation permit shall be $250.(14)
The renewal fee for a dental anesthesia or sedation permit properly renewed before the expiration of the permit shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(15)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental anesthesia or sedation permit shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.Section 2.
Dental Hygienists.(1)
The initial licensure fee for a dental hygiene license applied for in the first year of the biennial license period shall be $125.(2)
The initial licensure fee for a dental hygiene license applied for in the second year of the biennial license period shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(3)
The renewal fee for a dental hygiene license appropriately renewed before the expiration of the license shall be $110.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental hygiene license reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $240.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental hygiene license reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $370.(6)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental hygiene license reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the license shall be $630.(7)
The initial licensure fee and renewal fee for a charitable limited dental hygiene license shall be twenty-five (25) dollars.(8)
The initial registration fee to administer local anesthesia shall be fifty (50) dollars.(9)
The initial registration fee to practice under general supervision shall be fifty (50) dollars.(10)
The initial registration fee to administer an intravenous access line shall be fifty (50) dollars.(11)
The initial registration fee to perform laser debridement shall be fifty (50) dollars.(12)
The initial registration fee to be a public health registered dental hygienist shall be fifty (50) dollars.(13)
The reinstatement fee for a properly retired dental hygiene license shall be $125.Section 3.
Anesthesia and Sedation Facilities.(1)
The initial certification fee for an anesthesia or sedation facility shall be $250.(2)
The renewal fee for an anesthesia or sedation facility certificate shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(3)
The reinstatement fee for an expired anesthesia or sedation facility certificate reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the certificate shall be $125.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired anesthesia or sedation facility certificate reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the certificate shall be $175.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired anesthesia or sedation facility certificate reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the certificate shall be $225.Section 4.
Dental Laboratories.(1)
The initial registration fee for a commercial dental laboratory shall be $150.(2)
The renewal fee for a dental laboratory registration appropriately renewed on or before the expiration of the registration shall be $150.(3)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental laboratory registration reinstated between August 1 and August 15 following the expiration of the certificate shall be $250.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental laboratory registration reinstated between August 16 and August 31 following the expiration of the certificate shall be $300.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired dental laboratory registration reinstated on or after September 1 following the expiration of the certificate shall be $350.Section 5.
Mobile Dental Facilities and Portable Dental Units.(1)
The initial registration fee for a mobile dental facility or portable dental unit shall be $150.(2)
The renewal fee for a mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration shall be seventy-five (75) dollars.(3)
The reinstatement fee for an expired mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration reinstated between January 1 and January 15 of the year following the expiration of the registration shall be $150.(4)
The reinstatement fee for an expired mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration reinstated between January 16 and January 31 of the year following the expiration of the registration shall be $175.(5)
The reinstatement fee for an expired mobile dental facility or portable dental unit registration reinstated on or after February 1 of the year following the expiration of the registration shall be $225.Section 6.
General Fees.(1)
The fee for the verification of a license shall be forty (40) dollars.(2)
The fee for a contact list for either currently licensed dentists, currently licensed dental hygienists, or currently registered dental assistants shall be:(a)
$100 for lists obtained for not-for-profit use; and(b)
$1,000 for lists obtained for profit use.(3)
The fee for any returned check or rejected electronic payment shall be equal to the fee charged to the board by the bank.Section 7.
General Fines.(1)
The payment of reinstatement fees shall not be construed to exempt licensees and other entities regulated by the board from additional penalties associated with practicing or operating without an appropriate license, permit, or registration.(2)
Fines shall be determined by settlement or agreed order as negotiated by the Law Enforcement Committee or as issued by a hearing panel in accordance with KRS 313.100.Section 8.
All fines and fees paid to the board shall be nonrefundable.JEFF ALLEN, Executive Director
APPROVED BY AGENCY: March 22, 2023
FILED WITH LRC: March 23, 2022 at 11:45 a.m.
PUBLIC HEARING AND COMMENT PERIOD: A public hearing on this Amendment shall be held on June 23, 2022 at 4:00pm, Eastern Time at the Kentucky Board of Dentistry, 312 Whittington Parkway, Suite 101, Louisville, Kentucky 40222. Individuals interested in being heard at this hearing shall notify this agency in writing by five workdays prior to the hearing of their intent to attend. If no notification of intent to attend the hearing is received by that date, the hearing may be cancelled. This hearing is open to the public. Any person who wishes to be heard will be given an opportunity to comment on the proposed Amendment. A transcript of the public hearing will not be made unless a written request for a transcript is made. If you do not wish to be heard at the public hearing, you may submit written comments on the proposed Amendment. Written comments shall be accepted through June 30, 2022. Send written notification of intent to be heard at the public hearing, or written comments on the proposed Amendment to the contact person below.
CONTACT PERSON: Jeff Allen, Executive Director, Kentucky Board of Dentistry, 312 Whittington Parkway, Suite 101, Louisville, Kentucky 40222, phone (502) 429-7280, fax (502) 429-7282, email jeffrey.allen@ky.gov.
REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS AND TIERING STATEMENT
Contact Person:
Jeff Allen
(1) Provide a brief summary of:
(a) What this administrative regulation does:
This regulation sets amounts for the various fees and fines issued by the board.
(b) The necessity of this administrative regulation:
KRS 313.022(1) requires the board to promulgate administrative regulations regarding fees and fines.
(c) How this administrative regulation conforms to the content of the authorizing statutes:
This administrative regulation establishes a schedule of reasonable fees, fines, and other charges that do not exceed the national average of other state dental boards, as required by statute.
(d) How this administrative regulation currently assists or will assist in the effective administration of the statutes:
This administrative regulation establishes standardized fees and fines in conformity with its authorizing statute.
(2) If this is an amendment to an existing administrative regulation, provide a brief summary of:
(a) How the amendment will change this existing administrative regulation:
This amendment creates fee schedule for registration of mobile dental facilities.
(b) The necessity of the amendment to this administrative regulation:
This amendment is necessary in order to create fee schedules for a new administrative registration established within 201 KAR Chapter 8.
(c) How the amendment conforms to the content of the authorizing statutes:
This amendment updates the schedule of fees and fines in conformity with its authorizing statute.
(d) How the amendment will assist in the effective administration of the statutes:
The amendment ensures that the schedule of fees and fines issued by the board is clear, appropriate, and uniformly applied in compliance with applicable law.
(3) List the type and number of individuals, businesses, organizations, or state and local governments affected by this administrative regulation:
This regulation affects the approximately six thousand dentists and dental hygienists licensed in Kentucky, as well as future applicants for such licenses. Dental labs doing business in Kentucky will also be affected.
(4) Provide an analysis of how the entities identified in question (3) will be impacted by either the implementation of this administrative regulation, if new, or by the change, if it is an amendment, including:
(a) List the actions that each of the regulated entities identified in question (3) will have to take to comply with this administrative regulation or amendment:
This regulation will continue to require that entities pay all applicable fee(s). The vast majority of entities will experience no changes as a result of the amendment. Only the operators of mobile dental facilities will be affected by the amendment, which requires them to pay a registration fee.
(b) In complying with this administrative regulation or amendment, how much will it cost each of the entities identified in question (3):
The costs for most entities will be unchanged as a result of this amendment. The only exception is more operators of mobile dental facilities, who will now pay an initial $150 registration fee as well as a biennial $75 renewal fee. Penalties for the late renewal/reinstatement of lapsed registrations range from $150 to $225.
(c) As a result of compliance, what benefits will accrue to the entities identified in question (3):
All entities will benefit from the transparency and detail this amendment adds to the existing administrative regulation, thereby reducing non-compliance and associated costs.
(5) Provide an estimate of how much it will cost the administrative body to implement this administrative regulation:
(a) Initially:
Added costs are anticipated to be minor as a result of the amendment.
(b) On a continuing basis:
Added costs as a result of this amendment are anticipated to be minor increases in expenses.
(6) What is the source of the funding to be used for the implementation and enforcement of this administrative regulation:
Licensure fees will fund implementation and enforcement of this administrative regulation.
(7) Provide an assessment of whether an increase in fees or funding will be necessary to implement this administrative regulation, if new, or by the change if it is an amendment:
The new fee categories will generate minimal revenue but should still cover the negligible expenses associated with implementation.
(8) State whether or not this administrative regulation established any fees or directly or indirectly increased any fees:
Yes, this administrative regulation is specifically intended to provide a fee schedule in accordance with its authorizing statute.
(9) TIERING: Is tiering applied?
No, this amendment impacts all similarly situated practitioners equally.
FISCAL NOTE ON STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
(1) What units, parts or divisions of state or local government (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) will be impacted by this administrative regulation?
None.
(2) Identify each state or federal statute or federal regulation that requires or authorizes the action taken by the administrative regulation.
KRS 313.022.
(3) Estimate the effect of this administrative regulation on the expenditures and revenues of a state or local government agency (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) for the first full year the administrative regulation is to be in effect.
(a) How much revenue will this administrative regulation generate for the state or local government (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) for the first year?
This amendment is will result in a minor increase in the revenue generated by the existing administrative regulation.
(b) How much revenue will this administrative regulation generate for the state or local government (including cities, counties, fire departments, or school districts) for subsequent years?
This amendment is will result in a minor increase in the revenue generated by the existing administrative regulation.
(c) How much will it cost to administer this program for the first year?
This amendment will result in a minor increase in costs associated with the existing administrative regulation.
(d) How much will it cost to administer this program for subsequent years?
This amendment will result in a minor increase in costs associated with the existing administrative regulation. Note: If specific dollar amounts cannot be determined, provide a brief narrative to explain the fiscal impact of the administrative regulation.
Note: If specific dollar estimates cannot be determined, provide a brief narrative to explain the fiscal impact of the administrative regulation.
Revenues (+/-):
This amendment will require operators of mobile dental facilities to pay a reasonable registration fee that is comparable to other states. We do not expect this revenue to be significant.
Expenditures (+/-):
This amendment will require negligible increases in overhead expenses and minor increases in legal and investigative expenses associated with enforcing the regulation.
Other Explanation:
Not applicable.